One of the most often used medications to treat type 2 diabetes is metformin. Physicians may also recommend it to patients with type 1 diabetes and those who are more susceptible to the illness. The drug lowers the amount of sugar the liver produces, the amount of sugar the intestines absorb, and the effectiveness of insulin to help regulate your blood sugar levels. Many people who take metformin often wonder if the medication is working or not. In this write-up, we will discuss top 8 signs metformin is working and correct dosage.
Signs metformin is working
1. Lowered blood sugar levels
One of the clearest signs metformin is working is if blood sugar levels start to decrease and stay within a healthy range. Metformin works to reduce glucose production in the liver and make the body’s cells more sensitive to insulin. So if blood sugar levels measured by an A1C test or frequent finger prick tests start dropping, this indicates metformin is doing its job.
2. Weight loss
Metformin can lead to mild weight loss in some people due to its mechanism of action. Weight loss while taking metformin might be gradual, but losing a few pounds without major diet and exercise changes can be a good sign the medication is working.
3. Increased energy
As metformin improves the body’s ability to regulate blood sugar, energy levels may increase. High blood sugar can leave people feeling sluggish and fatigued. So if energy levels rise and it’s easier to get through the day, this can indicate metformin is effectively lowering blood glucose.
4. Regulated appetite
Metformin may suppress appetite in some people, likely due to its effects on glucose metabolism and insulin. Not feeling excessively hungry between meals or less of an impulse to snack can be a sign metformin is helping regulate appetite and control blood sugar.
5. Less insulin resistance
Metformin works to reduce insulin resistance in the body’s cells so that insulin can work more efficiently. If blood tests show improvements in insulin resistance scores and indicators like fasting insulin levels, it can mean metformin is overcoming some of the body’s resistance.
6. Healthier cholesterol and triglyceride levels
In addition to lowering blood sugar, metformin can lead to modest improvements in LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides. If lipid panel test results start showing positive trends, it’s a good sign metformin is providing cardiovascular benefits.
7. Reduction in PCOS symptoms
For women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), metformin may help regulate menstrual cycles, reduce androgen levels, and spark ovulation. Noticing improvements in PCOS symptoms like less excess hair growth, more regular periods, or ability to conceive can indicate metformin is working.
8. A1C reduction
Reduction in A1C levels is one of the most important signs metformin is working. The A1C test reflects average blood sugar levels over a 2 to 3 month span. If the A1C level drops at least 1% or into the target range while taking metformin, it’s a strong indicator the medication is doing what it should.
Correct Dosage of Metformin
Now that you know about the signs metformin is working, let’s check out the correct dosage.
A) Adults:
The standard starting dosage of metformin for adults with type 2 diabetes is 500 mg taken twice per day or 850 mg taken once per day. The total daily dose usually ranges from 1,000-2,500mg per day. These doses are safe and effective for most adults. The maximum daily dose of metformin is 2,550mg, though doses above 2,000mg do not appear to improve blood sugar control. Extended release metformin can be taken once daily up to a dose of 2,000mg.
B) Elderly:
Older adults may require lower doses of metformin due to reduced kidney function. The starting dose for seniors is typically 500mg daily. This is increased gradually every 1-2 weeks based on blood sugar response and tolerance. The maximum daily dose for seniors is 2,000mg.
Kidney impairment requires dosage adjustments. Metformin is not recommended if the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) is below 30 mL/min/1.73m2 due to risk of lactic acidosis. The dose should be reduced if eGFR falls between 30-60 mL/min/1.73m2.
C) Young adults:
Metformin is FDA approved for use in children 10 years and older with type 2 diabetes. The recommended starting dose is 500mg once daily. This can be increased by 500 mg every 1-2 weeks up to a maximum of 2,000mg daily in divided doses.
Lower doses around 500-1,000mg daily are often sufficient to lower blood sugar in youth, especially if lifestyle changes are also implemented. Doses exceeding 2,000mg daily have not been studied in this population.
Conclusion
Being aware of the signs metformin is working allows you to monitor its effectiveness and work with your doctor to maximise dosing. Knowing proper dosage based on age, kidney function, and other medical parameters ensures metformin’s benefits are achieved safely. Taking the time to understand how this diabetes medication works in your body and at which doses can improve glucose management, reduce risks of side effects, and lead to better overall health outcomes.
Frequently Asked Questions
Q: How does metformin work?
A: Metformin reduces blood sugar levels by decreasing hepatic gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis as well as increasing insulin sensitivity in muscle and fat cells.
Q: What are the most common side effects of metformin?
A: The most common side effects of metformin are gastrointestinal issues like diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting, gas, and abdominal discomfort especially when first starting the medication.
Q: Who should not take metformin?
A: Metformin is contraindicated in patients with kidney disease or renal impairment, liver disease, congestive heart failure, metabolic acidosis, and those who drink excess alcohol.
Q: How long does it take for metformin to work?
A: Metformin may start lowering blood sugar within the first 1-2 weeks but it can take 2-3 months for its maximum effect on blood glucose to be seen.
Q: Can metformin cause weight loss?
A: Metformin is associated with modest weight loss due to its mechanism of action. However, it is not considered a weight loss drug.
